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| Voltage Regulators AN8032 Active filter control IC s Overview In supplying electric power from commercial power supply to various electrical equipment, there is a possibility that the harmonic distortion generated in the power line may give obstruction to the power facilities or other electrical equipment. The use of active filter is one of the methods to solve the harmonic distortion problems. The AN8032 is a monolithic IC which incorporates the control and protection functions into one package so that the active filter can be constructed easily. It is most suitable for the measures against the harmonic distortion problems such as lighting equipment. 6.00.3 2.40.25 3.30.25 Unit: mm 8 0.50.1 7 23.30.3 6 5 4 1.50.25 1.50.25 1.40.3 3.00.3 2 1 0.3 +0.1 -0.05 s Features * Self-excited peak current mode is adapted. SIP009-P-0000C * Built-in protection circuit for preventing the overvoltage generated under a small load * Easy constant setting with enlarged dynamic range of multiplier and error amplifier. * Overvoltage protection terminal separately set to pass the short test of the safety standards * Using totem pole output circuit which allows the power MOSFET to be directly driven. * Built-in low voltage protection circuit which ensures the on-resistance during the power MOSFET operation. * Timer circuit is built in for realizing automatic start. s Applications * Lighting equipment and switching power supply equipment s Block Diagram VBTH One shot 2.5 V Under voltage Over voltage clamper clamper U.V.L.O. comp. VREF 10 V/8 V 9 6 VCC VB Timer Drive 8 VOUT Current comp. MPI 2 Multiplier OVP comp. 2.6 V 5 1 Error amp. 2.5 V 2.5 V 4 OVP CS EI 7 GND EO 3 30 3 2.54 9 1 AN8032 s Pin Descriptions Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Symbol CS MPI EO EI OVP VB GND VOUT VCC Description Comparator input pin Multiplier input pin Error amplifier output pin / multiplier input pin Error amplifier inverted-input pin Overvoltage detection pin Transformer-reset detection pin Grounding pin Output pin Power supply-voltage pin Voltage Regulators s Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Supply voltage CS allowable application voltage MPI allowable application voltage EI allowable application voltage Output allowable current Peak output current VB allowable flow-in current VB allowable flow-out current Power dissipation Operating ambient temperature Storage temperature * * Symbol VCC VCS VMPI VEI IO IOP IBI IBO PD Topr Tstg Rating 35 - 0.5 to +7 - 0.5 to +7 - 0.5 to +7 150 1 +5 -5 874 -30 to +85 -55 to +150 Unit V V V V mA A mA mA mW C C Note) *: Expect for the operating ambient temperature and storage temperature, all ratings are for Ta = 25C. s Recommended Operating Range Parameter Supply voltage Symbol VCC Range 0 to 34 Unit V s Electrical Characteristics at Ta = 25C Parameter Error detection feedback threshold voltage 1 Error detection low-level output voltage Symbol VEITH1 VEOL IEO = 0 mA, VEI = 5 V IEI = 0 mA, VEI = 0 V VEI = 0 V VEI = 0 V, VEO = 1 V Conditions Min 2.35 5.0 0.25 Typ 2.50 1.0 5.7 - 0.3 0.50 Max 2.65 1.6 -1.0 0.75 Unit V V V A mA Error detection high-level output voltage VEOH Error detection input bias current Error detection output supply current IEI IEO 2 Voltage Regulators s Electrical Characteristics (continued) at Ta = 25C Parameter Symbol VEO = 5 V VEO = 5 V VMPI = 0 V Conditions Min 4.0 4.8 1.0 1.2 50 IB = 5 mA IB = -5 mA VCS = 0 V 7.0 - 0.3 2.45 70 IOUT = 100 mA IOUT = -100 mA 9.2 9.2 7.0 dVCC = VCCST - VCCSP VCC = 7 V VCC = 12 V 1.75 40 Typ 4.5 5.4 1.2 -1.5 1.5 100 7.5 - 0.2 3.5 - 0.5 2.60 100 0.9 10.2 0.8 10.0 8.0 2.00 80 6.0 AN8032 Max 1.4 -3.0 1.8 200 8.0 0 15 -2.0 2.75 130 1.5 1.5 10.8 9.0 2.50 120 10.0 Unit V V 1/V A V mV V V mV A V mV V V V V V V A mA Multiplier input D-range (upper limit) VMPIH Multiplier output D-range (upper limit) VMPOH Multiplier gain Multiplier input bias current Coil detection input threshold voltage Coil detection hysteresis width Coil detection high-level clamp voltage Coil detection low-level clamp voltage GMP IMPI VBTH dVB VBH VBL Current detection input offset voltage VCSOFF Current detection input bias current Overvoltage detection input threshold voltage VOVP - VEITH1 Low-level output voltage High-level output voltage Standby output voltage U.V.L.O. start voltage U.V.L.O. stop voltage U.V.L.O. start - stop voltage difference Standby current Operation current without load * Design reference data ICS VOVP VOUTL VOUTH VOUTSTB IOUT = 10 mA VCCST VCCSP dVCC ICCSTB ICC Note) The characteristics listed below are reference values based on the IC design and are not guaranteed. Parameter Error detection feedback threshold voltage 2 Error detection open-loop gain Error detection gain band width Symbol VEITH2 GAV fBW VEO = 5 V VEO = 5 V Conditions Ta = -25C to +85C Min 2.3 Typ Max 2.7 Unit V dB MHz V V ns ns ns ns s 85 1.0 0 0 200 500 VCC = 12 V, VOUT = 10% 90% VCC = 12 V, VOUT = 90% 10% 50 50 400 Multiplier input D-range (lower limit) VMPIL Multiplier output D-range (lower limit) VMPOL Current detection - output delay Overvoltage detection - output delay Output rise time Output fall time Timer delay time tdCS tdOVP tr tf tdTIM 3 AN8032 s Terminal Equivalent Circuits Pin No. 1 Equivalent circuit Approx. 7.1 V To high-speed converter 1 Description Voltage Regulators I/O I CS: The input terminal of comparator which detects the current value flowing in power MOSFET. The output level of multiplier and the current value of power MOSFET input from the CS terminal are compared. If the later becomes larger than the former, the VOUT is set to low level and the power MOSFET ouput is cut. MPI: The input terminal of multiplier The voltage after a full-wave rectified AC input voltage are monitored. 2 Approx. 7.1 V I 2 3 Approx. 7.1 V Approx. 7.1 V Error amplifier output Multiplier input 3 EO: The output terminal of error amplifier / the input terminal of multiplier. The error amplifier monitors the output voltage of active filter and amplifies its error portion and outputs to the multiplier. Therefore, this terminal serves as another input terminal of the multiplier. O 4 Approx. 7.1 V Approx. 7.1 V EI: The inverted input terminal of error amplifier the overvoltage protection input terminal. To the noninverted input terminal, the internal reference voltage of IC (2.5 V typ.) is input. I 4 Error amplifier input 5 Approx. 7.1 V Approx. 7.1 V OVP: Overvoltage detection pin It is an input terminal with over-voltage detection function which can detect the overvoltage of the output voltage to shut off the power MOSFET. I Overvoltage protection input 5 4 Voltage Regulators s Terminal Equivalent Circuits (continued) Pin No. 6 PVCC Equivalent circuit Approx. 7.1 V Approx. 7.1 V Upper limit voltage clamp AN8032 Description VB: The terminal is connected via the transformer's sub-coil and resistor. The reset of transformer is detected and the trigger signal to turn on the power MOSFET is sent. Since the coil signal of transformer is input as current, the IC incorporates the circuit which clamps the upper/lower limit voltage to prevent malfunction. GND: Grounding terminal This terminal is used in common for grounding the control system and the power system. VOUT: The output terminal. It is capable of driving the gate of power MOSFET directly. I/O I 6 Lower limit voltage clamp VB Comparator input 7 Power system ground 7 Signal system ground 8 O 9 8 9 9 U.V.L.O. Inside bias (Appox. 7.1 V) VB Upper limit voltage clamp Power MOSFET drive block VCC: The supply voltage terminal. The supply voltage terminal for the power system and that for the signal system are put together as one terminal with internal connection in order to greatly decrease the common impedance. This double-functioning terminal monitors the supply voltage, and has start/stop operation threshold. 5 AN8032 s Application Notes [1] PD Ta curve of SIP009-P-0000C 1 000 900 874 800 Independent IC without a heat sink Rth( j-a) = 143C/W PD = 874 mW (25C) Voltage Regulators PD T a Power dissipation PD (mW) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 150 Ambient temperature Ta (C) [2] Operation descriptions 1. Normal control 1) Application outline As shown in figure 1, the standard application of the AN8032 is a booster chopper circuit, which inputs the voltage rectified from the commercial supply of 100 V/200 V (A in figure 1) and outputs the DC voltage of 400 V (B in figure 1). It controls so that the input current proportional to the input voltage (C, D in figure 1) could be flown. The reason for selecting the output voltage of 400 V is that the withstanding voltage of components and the operation limitation of booster chopper (input voltage < output voltage) under the worldwide input voltage are taken into consideration. Booster circuit so that set at: EIN(max) < EOUT D. Input current (IIN) 0A A. Voltage after rectification (EIN) E IN(max) B. Output voltage (EOUT) 400 VDC 0V Active filter 0V Input current proportional to input voltage flows. Input IIN EIN SBD AN8032 EOUT Output C. Input voltage (VIN) Commercial power supply (AC) 0V Load VIN Diode bridge Booster chopper circuit Figure 1. Application outline description 6 Voltage Regulators s Application Notes (continued) [2] Operation descriptions (continued) 1. Normal control (continued) 2) Control outline description (Refer to figure 2 and figure 3.) AN8032 (1) Input voltage (EIN) detection The voltage which is divided from the input voltage of chopper circuit (EIN) by using the external resistor is input to the multiplier input terminal of the AN8032 (MPI terminal). (2) Output voltage (EOUT) detection The voltage which is divided from the output voltage of chopper circuit (EOUT) by using the external resistor is amplified by the error amplifier of the AN8032 (Input to noninverting input terminal (EI terminal)) and input to another multiplier input (EO terminal, which also functions as output for error amplifier). (3) Multiplication of input voltage and output voltage The signals input to the multiplier are multiplied and outputted from the multiplier. This output is a signal which monitors both the input voltage and output voltage of the chopper circuit. MPI input voltage 0V Time EI input voltage 0V Time Approx. 2.5 V typ. Multiplier output (MPO) voltage 0V Enlarged Time Power MOS turned off Multiplier output (MPO) voltage Power MOSFET current detection (CS) voltage Power MOS turned off Time 0V VB lower limit voltage (regulated inside IC) Transformer reset voltage detection (VB) Power MOS turned on = bias coil voltage generated Reset operation of transformer = bias coil voltage inversion VB lower limit voltage (regulated inside IC) Time Figure 2. Explanation of normal control operation 0V 7 AN8032 s Application Notes (continued) [2] Operation descriptions (continued) 1. Normal control (continued) 2) Control outline description (Refer to figure 2 and figure 3.) (continued) Voltage Regulators EIN (4) Switching device current The voltage generated in the current detection resistor which is connected to the switching device (power MOSFET) is detected at the CS terminal. (for the above resistor, low resistance value is selected, considering the power dissipation). (5) Switching device turn-off The CS terminal voltage and the multiplier output voltage are compared by the current detection comparator. When the former value becomes larger than the latter one, the current detection comparator sends the reset signal to the RS latch circuit to turn off the switching device. (6) Output current supply When the switching device is turned off, the current flowing in the transformer is cut off. The diode is turned-on with inertia current of inductor, and supplies a current to the output of chopper circuit (EOUT). Power MOS On Power MOS Off VBTH One shot Lower limit voltage clamp Upper limit voltage clamp 9 VCC 6 VB Turn-on signal 2.5 V VREF 10 V/8 V Low voltage protection EOUT 8 VOUT Power MOSFET Timer SBD Latch circuit Drive 2.6 V 5 OVP Overvoltage detection 1 CS Input voltage monitor Current detection comparator Turn-off signal MPI 2 Error amp. Multiplier 4 EI 2.5 V GND 7 EO 3 2.5 V Current detection resistor Figure 3. Explanation of block diagram and normal operation (7) Transformer reset signal (VB) detection When the excitation energy has been discharged and the inertia current of the inductor has been lost, the transformer starts resonance with the frequency which depends on parasitic capacitance of the board or parts and inductance of the inductor. This operation is detected at the VB terminal through sub-coil of the transformer. 8 Voltage Regulators s Application Notes (continued) [2] Operation descriptions (continued) 1. Normal control (continued) 2) Control outline description (Refer to figure 2 and figure 3.) (continued) AN8032 (8) Switching device turn-on By resonance, the turn-on signal is sent to the switching device, timed with the sub-coil voltage when it swings from high to low. (9) Continuation of operation When the switching device is turned on, current flows in the inductor so that the above operation is repeated. Power MOSFET VB terminal input voltage VBTH (1.5 V typ.) 0V OFF ON OFF Figure 4. VB terminal description 9 AN8032 s Application Notes (continued) [2] Operation descriptions (continued) 1. Normal control (continued) 3) Description of each function (continued) (1) VB (continued) Voltage Regulators ID SDB VB lower limit voltage clamp current VB upper limit voltage clamp current IDS ID Time VCC AN8032 Lower limit voltage clamp VB VB Clamp upper limit voltage IDS VB VB threshold value Upper limit voltage clamp Time Clamp upper limit voltage Reset operation of inductor GND Figure 5. Explanation of VB operation 5 mA or less AN8032 VB RB RB too large: Consumption current becomes small, however, TOFF is extended by the delay amount because of low speed. RB too small: Speed is high, however, consumption current is small and undershoot tends to be generated easily. 10 Voltage Regulators s Application Notes (continued) [2] Operation descriptions (continued) 1. Normal control (continued) 3) Description of each function (continued) (1) VB (continued) AN8032 VB VOUT B CB Delay capacitor AN8032 LP RB A CP Resonance capacitor Resonance by LP - CP A-point voltage Zero-cross switching 0V B-point voltage VBTH 0V Delay Power MOSFET Power MOSFET On Off The terminal for detecting the current when the power MOSFET is turned on. The current flow when the power MOSFET is turned on is equivalent to the current flow in the inductor. Therefore, the necessary power value can be controlled by controlling the peak value of the above current. The input D-range of this terminal is from 0 V to 5 V. However, since dissipation becomes larger if the power MOSFET current detecting resistance is set at larger value. A value from 0.22 to 0.47 is the standard considering the relationship with the S/N. The charge and discharge current to and from the parasitic capacitance of the power MOSFET, transformer or printed circuit wiring flow in the power MOSFET detection resistor at turning-on and off. Since such current generates noise and causes malfunction, it is necessary to incorporate a filter to remove such irregular element. Parasitic capacitance Spike VB Filter ICS 0A Spike Figure 6. CS terminal explanation (3) MPI The MPI is the terminal for monitoring the AC input voltage. The voltage which is resistance-divided from the input voltage after full-wave rectification is input. The input D-range of the multiplier is from 0 V to 4.5 V typical and output D-range is from 0 V to 5.4 V typical. 11 AN8032 s Application Notes (continued) [2] Operation description (continued) 1. Normal control (continued) 3) Description of each function (continued) Voltage Regulators (4) EI/EO The resisitance-devided voltage of the active filter output is input to the EI. The EI is the error amplifier's inverted input, and the temperature-compensated reference voltage (2.5 V typical) is input as the noninverted input. The error amplifier amplifies the error amount between the output voltage, and the reference voltage and outputs to the multiplier. The resistor between the EI and EO is used for determining the gain of error amplifier. As for the resistance-dividing for decreasing the active filter's output voltage to the input D-range of EI, if an attempt is made to use a small-sized resistor for suppressing the dissipation, its resistance value becomes high because of the high output voltage. For this reason, note that if the capacitance inserted between the EI and EO for phase compensation is large, the delay element between it and the resistancedivider of high resistance becomes large, so that the characteristics at the time of sudden change of load (overshoot or undershoot) is degraded. Therefore, as the value for phase compensation capacitor, select the minimum value with which the oscillation can be prevented. Output Error amplifier 4 EI SBD To multiplier Reference voltage (2.5 V typ.) Resistor determining the gain EO 3 Phase compensation capacitor Figure 7. EI/EO terminal description (5) VOUT For the drive circuit, the AN8032 employs the totem pole type by which the power MOSFET can be directly driven. Since the peak output current is 1 A, the TO-220 class power MOSFET can be driven. For the TOP-3 class, the buffer circuit should be added outside because its capability is not sufficient for that class. The power MOSFET momentarily swings to minus due to the parasitic capacitance between the drain and gates at the time of turn-off and this causes malfunction in some cases. Therefore, the Schottky barrier diode should be inserted between the VOUT and GND if necessary. Power MOSFET PVCC Totem pole type output circuit Off On VD Parasitic capacitance 0V VD VG VG 0V Swing to negative voltage Figure 8. VOUT terminal description Capacitive coupling VOUT GND 12 Voltage Regulators s Application Notes (continued) [2] Operation descriptions (continued) 1. Normal control (continued) 3) Description of each function (continued) (6) VCC The supply voltage terminal other than the output. The U.V.L.O. depends on this VCC voltage. (The characteristics of U.V.L.O. are shown in the right figure.) AN8032 ICC U.V.L.O. characteristics IC operation 0 8 10 (Stop voltage) (Start voltage) VCC V C1 * Giving bias from power supply In the case such as of fluorescent lamp inverter circuit, separate power supply is provided so as to give the bias from the separate power supply. VCC AN8032 GND C1 To fluorescent lamp inverter circuit block Totem pole type output circuit PVCC R1 Drive current at turning on VOUT R2 Drive current at turning off GND 13 AN8032 s Application Notes (continued) [2] Operation descriptions (continued) Voltage Regulators 2. Protection circuit 1) Timer In control of this IC, the chopper circuit does not start unless the first on-signal is input to the switching device. The chopper circuit does not re-start, if the turn-on timing of switching device is missed due to some abnormality. For the above reasons, this IC is incorporating the timer circuit and generating the start pulse once in every approx. 400 s (typical) when the chopper circuit stops, eliminating the need for an external part to cope with this problem. (Refer to figure 9.) However, in order to prevent the output rise of the chopper circuit, the timer circuit does not operate as long as the overvoltage protector is operating. When operation start Timer trigger signal (signal inside the IC) Input voltage Input voltage applied operation start One-shot pulse 0A 400 s typ. Time Power MOSFET current 0V Start Time When abnormal stop Timer start Timer trigger signal (signal inside the IC) 0A Time Input voltage 400 s typ. One-shot pulse Power MOSFET current 0V Time Abnormal stop Re-start Figure 9. Explanation of timer operation 14 Voltage Regulators s Application Notes (continued) [2] Operation descriptions (continued) 2. Protection circuit (continued) 2) Overvoltage protection AN8032 (1) Cause of overvoltage In the booster chopper circuit, control is carried out so that the input power becomes zero when the load current reaches zero. However, in the actual condition, the input power can not be decreased to zero. The output voltage is brought to out of control state, so that it rises. The cause of the out-of-control condition is that there is a delay time from the turn-on to the turn-off of the switching device, so that the control to stop the operation of switching device becomes impossible. (Refer to figure 10.) In order to prevent the occurrence of such problem, the AN8032 has the built-in overvoltage protection circuit, so that the number of component to be added to the external part is drastically reduced. Power MOS off-time current SBD Power MOS on-time current Input voltage AN8032 Output voltage Under light load Multiplier output Power MOS on-time current Power MOS off-time current 0A Under no load condition, this voltage decreases to around 0 V. At this time, the frequency of power MOS current rises, however, there is circuit delay, so that the current does not reach 0 A. Time Under light load Multiplier output Power MOS on-time current Power MOS off-time current 0A Figure 10. Explanation of operation Time 15 AN8032 s Application Notes (continued) [2] Operation descriptions (continued) 2. Protection circuit (continued) 2) Overvoltage protection (continued) Voltage Regulators (2) Description of overvoltage protector operation With respect to the AN8032 IC, the input of the error amplifier which detects the output voltage is provided separately from the input of the overvoltage protection comparator. This is the point which differs from the AN8031. Each setting is shown as follows: * Control reference voltage of the error amplifier: 2.50 V typical * Detection voltage of the overvoltage comparator: 2.63 V typical [Without hysteresis] (Voltage of 5% higher than the control reference voltage of the error amplifier) If the output voltage becomes more than 5% higher than the normal control voltage at the time of start up or abnormality occurrence, the overvoltage comparator operates to cut off the switching device. The timer circuit is cut off when overvoltage is detected. This prevents the output voltage to increase further. Otherwise, the timer circuit will re-start the power MOSFET, and actuate it to increase the output voltage further at the time of the overvoltage detection. Therefore, under no load condition, the output voltage of the chopper circuit is stabilized at the value which is 5% higher than the normal control voltage and does not exceed that value. (Refer to figure 11.) The increase/decrease of the output voltage is created by the offset amount of the overvoltage comparator. Stabilized at 5% higher voltage 420 V 400 V Created by offset amount of overvoltage comparator Output voltage of active filter Power MOSFET current 0A Time Operation condition of active filter Operating Stop Operating Stop Figure 11. Protection of overvoltage protection operation 16 Voltage Regulators s Application Notes (continued) [2] Operation descriptions (continued) 2. Protection circuit (continued) 2) Overvoltage protection (continued) AN8032 (3) Output voltage overshoot at start At operation start, the output overload condition is created because the smoothing capacitor which is connected to the output is charged. Under this condition the chopper circuit operates with full power. However, it does not immediately come out of the full-power-operation (due to control delay of the entire feedback system) even when the proper output voltage is obtained, causing the overshoot of output voltage. The AN8032 overvoltage protector operates even at operation starts and prevents the worst cases such as damage of used parts. (Refer to figure 12.) Overvoltage protector operation Operation start Overvoltage condition Set output voltage Output voltage of active filter 0A Time Start under output short-circuit condition Current peak value is high Power MOSFET current 0A Time Operation condition of active filter Operating Stop Operating Figure 12. Output voltage overshoot when operation starts 17 AN8032 s Application Notes (continued) [3] Difference between the AN8031 and the AN 8032 Voltage Regulators AN8031 EI terminal is used in common for both the output voltage monitor function and the overvoltage detection function. AN8032 Exclusive-use terminal for each function (VCC terminal is used in common for both PVCC and VCC). EI terminal : Exclusively used for the output voltage monitor function. OVP terminal : Exclusively used for the overvoltage detection function. 1) Reasons for change The excessively large overvoltage, generated when the short-circuit test between the pins of the active filter output voltage monitoring resistor, can not be suppressed. SBD EO(+) PVCC VCC VB EIN(+) MPI Output voltage monitor VOUT EI EO CS Separately require 5 to 10 external components Excessively large overvoltage, generated when the short circuit testing, can not be suppressed. EIN(-) Overvoltage detection AN8031 COM EO(-) 2) Countermeasures The output voltage system and the overvoltage detection system are separated from each other. SBD EO(+) Increase of 2 more external components VCC VB EIN(+) MPI Output voltage monitor VOUT EI EO OVP CS The control operation is stopped by the separately provided circuit for overvoltage system even if excessively large overvoltage is generated. EIN(-) AN8032 Overvoltage detection COM EO(-) Note) The OVP terminal is arranged beside the EI terminal after taking the board pattern design into consideration. 18 * Application circuit L1 R1 1 M SBD C3 47 F R8 1.5 M B C2 1 F R2 13 k SBD C - D COM R4 12 R9 10 k R11 10 k R6 0.33 1W R3 10 k R7 330 L2 + EI R10 1.5 M Voltage Regulators s Application Circuit Example A G EO(DC 400 V) COM VCC 12 V E 1 CS 5 OVP 4 EI F Load C1 VOUT 8 VCC 9 VB 6 MPI 2 C4 10 F C5 0.01 F 3 EO 7 GND C7 0.1 F C6 0.001 F R12 10 M AN8032 19 AN8032 s Application Circuit Example (continued) * Normal operation waveforms Horizontal axis Voltage Regulators 1 ms/div Measuring point 10 ms/div 140 V 140 V 20 V/div A (EIN) 0V 20 V/div 0V 2V 0V 7V 7V 0V B (MPI) 1 V/div 0.4 V/div C (VB) 1 V/div 0V 12 V 0V 12 V 2 V/div D (VOUT) 2 V/div 0V 0.8 V 0V 0.2 V/div 0.2 V/div 0.5 V/div E (CS) 0.8 V 0V 2.5 V 2.5 V F (EI) 0.5 V/div 0V 0V 500 V G (EO) 20 50 V/div 100 V Voltage Regulators s Application Circuit Example (continued) * Waveforms at start Horizontal axis AN8032 20 ms/div Measuring point 1.2 V E (CS) 0.2 V/div 0V 400 V G (EO) * Waveforms at stop Horizontal axis 50 V/div 100 V 20 ms/div Measuring point 0.2 V/div 50 V/div E (CS) 0.8 V 0V 400 V G (EO) 100 V (Conditions) * Input voltage : 100 V (AC) * Output voltage : 400 V (DC) * Output current : 200 mA (resistive load 2 k) 21 |
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